As the construction activities of human beings become more and more frequent and intense, engineering problems keep emerging in an endless stream. Infrastructure construction, as a foundation for the developing economy, has been paid great attention to by countries all over the world, especially developing countries with huge populations. The first two decades of the twenty-first century have witnessed the rapid growth of global economy. MICP is undoubtfully a mainstream engineering technology for the future, while ecological balance, environmental impact and industrial applicability should still be cautiously treated in its real practice.
To reach this destination, MICP could be coupled with other techniques like encapsulation and ductile fibers. The prospective direction of this technology is to make construction more intelligent without human intervention, such as autogenous healing.
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To further decrease the cost and energy consumption of the MICP technology, it is reasonable to make full use of industrial by-products or wastes and non-sterilized media. Decision makers should choose a compatible, efficient and economical way among them and develop an on-site solution based on engineering conditions.
Bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and enzymatic approach are three feasible paths for MICP. Moreover, global environment issues including fugitive dust, contaminated soil and climate change problems are assumed to be palliated or even removed via the positive effects of this technology. It is also envisaged that this technology may be used to mitigate against impacts of geological hazards such as liquefaction associated with earthquakes. MICP has been proved suitable for stabilizing soils and shows promise in dealing with problematic soils like bentonite and expansive soils. Piping, internal erosion and surface erosion could also be addressed by this technology. MICP is a promising and cost-efficient technology in preserving water resources and subsurface fluid leakage. It helps produce eco-friendly and durable building materials. MICP may bring comprehensive improvement of static and dynamic characteristics of geomaterials, thus enhancing their bearing capacity and resisting liquefication. Analysis and discussion within different parts are generally carried out based on specific considerations in each field.
It adds a new perspective on the feasibility and difficulty for field practice. This paper is aimed at reviewing the fundaments and engineering applications of the MICP technology through existing studies, covering realistic need in geotechnical engineering, construction materials, hydraulic engineering, geological engineering, and environmental engineering. It provides cutting-edge solutions for various engineering problems emerging in the context of frequent and intense human activities. The microbial‑induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), as an emerging biomineralization technology mediated by specific bacteria, has been a popular research focus for scientists and engineers through the previous two decades as an interdisciplinary approach.
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